Bitcoin BIP-39 and wordlists

 

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What is BIP-39

BIP is abbreviation of Bitcoin Improvement Proposals. See full list of at https://github.com/bitcoin/bips

BIP-39 describes the implementation of a mnemonic code or mnemonic sentence – a group of easy to remember words – for the generation of deterministic wallets.

It consists of two parts: generating the mnemonic and converting it into a binary seed.

BIP-39 mnemonic phrase (a group of easy to remember words) to serve as a back up to recover your wallet and coins in the event your wallet becomes compromised, lost, or destroyed. This is also known as a mnemonic seed, seed phrase, recovery phrase, wallet back up, master seed, etc.

BIP-39 contains 2048 words in wordlist.

BIP-39 Motivation

A mnemonic code or sentence is superior for human interaction compared to the handling of raw binary or hexadecimal representations of a wallet seed. The sentence could be written on paper or spoken over the telephone.

BIP-39 provides a way to transport computer-generated randomness with a human-readable transcription.

Generating the Mnemonic

The mnemonic must encode entropy in a multiple of 32 bits. With more entropy security is improved but the sentence length increases. We refer to the initial entropy length as ENT. The allowed size of ENT is 128-256 bits.

First, an initial entropy of ENT bits is generated. A checksum is generated by taking the first

ENT / 32

bits of its SHA256 hash. This checksum is appended to the end of the initial entropy. Next, these concatenated bits are split into groups of 11 bits, each encoding a number from 0-2047, serving as an index into a wordlist. Finally, we convert these numbers into words and use the joined words as a mnemonic sentence. The following table describes the relation between the initial entropy length (ENT), the checksum length (CS), and the length of the generated mnemonic sentence (MS) in words.

CS = ENT / 32
MS = (ENT + CS) / 11

|  ENT  | CS | ENT+CS |  MS  |
+-------+----+--------+------+
|  128  |  4 |   132  |  12  |
|  160  |  5 |   165  |  15  |
|  192  |  6 |   198  |  18  |
|  224  |  7 |   231  |  21  |
|  256  |  8 |   264  |  24  |

BIP-39 Wordlist

An ideal wordlist has the following characteristics:

  • smart selection of words
  • similar words avoided
  • sorted wordlists

The wordlist can contain native characters, but they must be encoded in UTF-8 using Normalization Form Compatibility Decomposition (NFKD).

BIP-39 English Wordlist

Here is the full 2048 of BIP-39 english wordlist :

abandon ability able about above absent absorb abstract absurd abuse access accident account accuse achieve acid acoustic acquire across act action actor actress actual adapt add addict address adjust admit adult advance advice aerobic affair afford afraid again age agent agree ahead aim air airport aisle alarm album alcohol alert alien all alley allow almost alone alpha already also alter always amateur amazing among amount amused analyst anchor ancient anger angle angry animal ankle announce annual another answer antenna antique anxiety any apart apology appear apple approve april arch arctic area arena argue arm armed armor army around arrange arrest arrive arrow art artefact artist artwork ask aspect assault asset assist assume asthma athlete atom attack attend attitude attract auction audit august aunt author auto autumn average avocado avoid awake aware away awesome awful awkward axis baby bachelor bacon badge bag balance balcony ball bamboo banana banner bar barely bargain 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BIP-39 Simple Chinese Wordlist

Here is the full 2048 of BIP-39 Chinese (Simplified) wordlist :

的 一 是 在 不 了 有 和 人 这 中 大 为 上 个 国 我 以 要 他 时 来 用 们 生 到 作 地 于 出 就 分 对 成 会 可 主 发 年 动 同 工 也 能 下 过 子 说 产 种 面 而 方 后 多 定 行 学 法 所 民 得 经 十 三 之 进 着 等 部 度 家 电 力 里 如 水 化 高 自 二 理 起 小 物 现 实 加 量 都 两 体 制 机 当 使 点 从 业 本 去 把 性 好 应 开 它 合 还 因 由 其 些 然 前 外 天 政 四 日 那 社 义 事 平 形 相 全 表 间 样 与 关 各 重 新 线 内 数 正 心 反 你 明 看 原 又 么 利 比 或 但 质 气 第 向 道 命 此 变 条 只 没 结 解 问 意 建 月 公 无 系 军 很 情 者 最 立 代 想 已 通 并 提 直 题 党 程 展 五 果 料 象 员 革 位 入 常 文 总 次 品 式 活 设 及 管 特 件 长 求 老 头 基 资 边 流 路 级 少 图 山 统 接 知 较 将 组 见 计 别 她 手 角 期 根 论 运 农 指 几 九 区 强 放 决 西 被 干 做 必 战 先 回 则 任 取 据 处 队 南 给 色 光 门 即 保 治 北 造 百 规 热 领 七 海 口 东 导 器 压 志 世 金 增 争 济 阶 油 思 术 极 交 受 联 什 认 六 共 权 收 证 改 清 美 再 采 转 更 单 风 切 打 白 教 速 花 带 安 场 身 车 例 真 务 具 万 每 目 至 达 走 积 示 议 声 报 斗 完 类 八 离 华 名 确 才 科 张 信 马 节 话 米 整 空 元 况 今 集 温 传 土 许 步 群 广 石 记 需 段 研 界 拉 林 律 叫 且 究 观 越 织 装 影 算 低 持 音 众 书 布 复 容 儿 须 际 商 非 验 连 断 深 难 近 矿 千 周 委 素 技 备 半 办 青 省 列 习 响 约 支 般 史 感 劳 便 团 往 酸 历 市 克 何 除 消 构 府 称 太 准 精 值 号 率 族 维 划 选 标 写 存 候 毛 亲 快 效 斯 院 查 江 型 眼 王 按 格 养 易 置 派 层 片 始 却 专 状 育 厂 京 识 适 属 圆 包 火 住 调 满 县 局 照 参 红 细 引 听 该 铁 价 严 首 底 液 官 德 随 病 苏 失 尔 死 讲 配 女 黄 推 显 谈 罪 神 艺 呢 席 含 企 望 密 批 营 项 防 举 球 英 氧 势 告 李 台 落 木 帮 轮 破 亚 师 围 注 远 字 材 排 供 河 态 封 另 施 减 树 溶 怎 止 案 言 士 均 武 固 叶 鱼 波 视 仅 费 紧 爱 左 章 早 朝 害 续 轻 服 试 食 充 兵 源 判 护 司 足 某 练 差 致 板 田 降 黑 犯 负 击 范 继 兴 似 余 坚 曲 输 修 故 城 夫 够 送 笔 船 占 右 财 吃 富 春 职 觉 汉 画 功 巴 跟 虽 杂 飞 检 吸 助 升 阳 互 初 创 抗 考 投 坏 策 古 径 换 未 跑 留 钢 曾 端 责 站 简 述 钱 副 尽 帝 射 草 冲 承 独 令 限 阿 宣 环 双 请 超 微 让 控 州 良 轴 找 否 纪 益 依 优 顶 础 载 倒 房 突 坐 粉 敌 略 客 袁 冷 胜 绝 析 块 剂 测 丝 协 诉 念 陈 仍 罗 盐 友 洋 错 苦 夜 刑 移 频 逐 靠 混 母 短 皮 终 聚 汽 村 云 哪 既 距 卫 停 烈 央 察 烧 迅 境 若 印 洲 刻 括 激 孔 搞 甚 室 待 核 校 散 侵 吧 甲 游 久 菜 味 旧 模 湖 货 损 预 阻 毫 普 稳 乙 妈 植 息 扩 银 语 挥 酒 守 拿 序 纸 医 缺 雨 吗 针 刘 啊 急 唱 误 训 愿 审 附 获 茶 鲜 粮 斤 孩 脱 硫 肥 善 龙 演 父 渐 血 欢 械 掌 歌 沙 刚 攻 谓 盾 讨 晚 粒 乱 燃 矛 乎 杀 药 宁 鲁 贵 钟 煤 读 班 伯 香 介 迫 句 丰 培 握 兰 担 弦 蛋 沉 假 穿 执 答 乐 谁 顺 烟 缩 征 脸 喜 松 脚 困 异 免 背 星 福 买 染 井 概 慢 怕 磁 倍 祖 皇 促 静 补 评 翻 肉 践 尼 衣 宽 扬 棉 希 伤 操 垂 秋 宜 氢 套 督 振 架 亮 末 宪 庆 编 牛 触 映 雷 销 诗 座 居 抓 裂 胞 呼 娘 景 威 绿 晶 厚 盟 衡 鸡 孙 延 危 胶 屋 乡 临 陆 顾 掉 呀 灯 岁 措 束 耐 剧 玉 赵 跳 哥 季 课 凯 胡 额 款 绍 卷 齐 伟 蒸 殖 永 宗 苗 川 炉 岩 弱 零 杨 奏 沿 露 杆 探 滑 镇 饭 浓 航 怀 赶 库 夺 伊 灵 税 途 灭 赛 归 召 鼓 播 盘 裁 险 康 唯 录 菌 纯 借 糖 盖 横 符 私 努 堂 域 枪 润 幅 哈 竟 熟 虫 泽 脑 壤 碳 欧 遍 侧 寨 敢 彻 虑 斜 薄 庭 纳 弹 饲 伸 折 麦 湿 暗 荷 瓦 塞 床 筑 恶 户 访 塔 奇 透 梁 刀 旋 迹 卡 氯 遇 份 毒 泥 退 洗 摆 灰 彩 卖 耗 夏 择 忙 铜 献 硬 予 繁 圈 雪 函 亦 抽 篇 阵 阴 丁 尺 追 堆 雄 迎 泛 爸 楼 避 谋 吨 野 猪 旗 累 偏 典 馆 索 秦 脂 潮 爷 豆 忽 托 惊 塑 遗 愈 朱 替 纤 粗 倾 尚 痛 楚 谢 奋 购 磨 君 池 旁 碎 骨 监 捕 弟 暴 割 贯 殊 释 词 亡 壁 顿 宝 午 尘 闻 揭 炮 残 冬 桥 妇 警 综 招 吴 付 浮 遭 徐 您 摇 谷 赞 箱 隔 订 男 吹 园 纷 唐 败 宋 玻 巨 耕 坦 荣 闭 湾 键 凡 驻 锅 救 恩 剥 凝 碱 齿 截 炼 麻 纺 禁 废 盛 版 缓 净 睛 昌 婚 涉 筒 嘴 插 岸 朗 庄 街 藏 姑 贸 腐 奴 啦 惯 乘 伙 恢 匀 纱 扎 辩 耳 彪 臣 亿 璃 抵 脉 秀 萨 俄 网 舞 店 喷 纵 寸 汗 挂 洪 贺 闪 柬 爆 烯 津 稻 墙 软 勇 像 滚 厘 蒙 芳 肯 坡 柱 荡 腿 仪 旅 尾 轧 冰 贡 登 黎 削 钻 勒 逃 障 氨 郭 峰 币 港 伏 轨 亩 毕 擦 莫 刺 浪 秘 援 株 健 售 股 岛 甘 泡 睡 童 铸 汤 阀 休 汇 舍 牧 绕 炸 哲 磷 绩 朋 淡 尖 启 陷 柴 呈 徒 颜 泪 稍 忘 泵 蓝 拖 洞 授 镜 辛 壮 锋 贫 虚 弯 摩 泰 幼 廷 尊 窗 纲 弄 隶 疑 氏 宫 姐 震 瑞 怪 尤 琴 循 描 膜 违 夹 腰 缘 珠 穷 森 枝 竹 沟 催 绳 忆 邦 剩 幸 浆 栏 拥 牙 贮 礼 滤 钠 纹 罢 拍 咱 喊 袖 埃 勤 罚 焦 潜 伍 墨 欲 缝 姓 刊 饱 仿 奖 铝 鬼 丽 跨 默 挖 链 扫 喝 袋 炭 污 幕 诸 弧 励 梅 奶 洁 灾 舟 鉴 苯 讼 抱 毁 懂 寒 智 埔 寄 届 跃 渡 挑 丹 艰 贝 碰 拔 爹 戴 码 梦 芽 熔 赤 渔 哭 敬 颗 奔 铅 仲 虎 稀 妹 乏 珍 申 桌 遵 允 隆 螺 仓 魏 锐 晓 氮 兼 隐 碍 赫 拨 忠 肃 缸 牵 抢 博 巧 壳 兄 杜 讯 诚 碧 祥 柯 页 巡 矩 悲 灌 龄 伦 票 寻 桂 铺 圣 恐 恰 郑 趣 抬 荒 腾 贴 柔 滴 猛 阔 辆 妻 填 撤 储 签 闹 扰 紫 砂 递 戏 吊 陶 伐 喂 疗 瓶 婆 抚 臂 摸 忍 虾 蜡 邻 胸 巩 挤 偶 弃 槽 劲 乳 邓 吉 仁 烂 砖 租 乌 舰 伴 瓜 浅 丙 暂 燥 橡 柳 迷 暖 牌 秧 胆 详 簧 踏 瓷 谱 呆 宾 糊 洛 辉 愤 竞 隙 怒 粘 乃 绪 肩 籍 敏 涂 熙 皆 侦 悬 掘 享 纠 醒 狂 锁 淀 恨 牲 霸 爬 赏 逆 玩 陵 祝 秒 浙 貌 役 彼 悉 鸭 趋 凤 晨 畜 辈 秩 卵 署 梯 炎 滩 棋 驱 筛 峡 冒 啥 寿 译 浸 泉 帽 迟 硅 疆 贷 漏 稿 冠 嫩 胁 芯 牢 叛 蚀 奥 鸣 岭 羊 凭 串 塘 绘 酵 融 盆 锡 庙 筹 冻 辅 摄 袭 筋 拒 僚 旱 钾 鸟 漆 沈 眉 疏 添 棒 穗 硝 韩 逼 扭 侨 凉 挺 碗 栽 炒 杯 患 馏 劝 豪 辽 勃 鸿 旦 吏 拜 狗 埋 辊 掩 饮 搬 骂 辞 勾 扣 估 蒋 绒 雾 丈 朵 姆 拟 宇 辑 陕 雕 偿 蓄 崇 剪 倡 厅 咬 驶 薯 刷 斥 番 赋 奉 佛 浇 漫 曼 扇 钙 桃 扶 仔 返 俗 亏 腔 鞋 棱 覆 框 悄 叔 撞 骗 勘 旺 沸 孤 吐 孟 渠 屈 疾 妙 惜 仰 狠 胀 谐 抛 霉 桑 岗 嘛 衰 盗 渗 脏 赖 涌 甜 曹 阅 肌 哩 厉 烃 纬 毅 昨 伪 症 煮 叹 钉 搭 茎 笼 酷 偷 弓 锥 恒 杰 坑 鼻 翼 纶 叙 狱 逮 罐 络 棚 抑 膨 蔬 寺 骤 穆 冶 枯 册 尸 凸 绅 坯 牺 焰 轰 欣 晋 瘦 御 锭 锦 丧 旬 锻 垄 搜 扑 邀 亭 酯 迈 舒 脆 酶 闲 忧 酚 顽 羽 涨 卸 仗 陪 辟 惩 杭 姚 肚 捉 飘 漂 昆 欺 吾 郎 烷 汁 呵 饰 萧 雅 邮 迁 燕 撒 姻 赴 宴 烦 债 帐 斑 铃 旨 醇 董 饼 雏 姿 拌 傅 腹 妥 揉 贤 拆 歪 葡 胺 丢 浩 徽 昂 垫 挡 览 贪 慰 缴 汪 慌 冯 诺 姜 谊 凶 劣 诬 耀 昏 躺 盈 骑 乔 溪 丛 卢 抹 闷 咨 刮 驾 缆 悟 摘 铒 掷 颇 幻 柄 惠 惨 佳 仇 腊 窝 涤 剑 瞧 堡 泼 葱 罩 霍 捞 胎 苍 滨 俩 捅 湘 砍 霞 邵 萄 疯 淮 遂 熊 粪 烘 宿 档 戈 驳 嫂 裕 徙 箭 捐 肠 撑 晒 辨 殿 莲 摊 搅 酱 屏 疫 哀 蔡 堵 沫 皱 畅 叠 阁 莱 敲 辖 钩 痕 坝 巷 饿 祸 丘 玄 溜 曰 逻 彭 尝 卿 妨 艇 吞 韦 怨 矮 歇

BIP-39 Other Usage

Brave Browser Sync Clientside Encryption

Brave Browser Sync use the built-in custom passphrase feature from Chromium sync and encrypt everything client-side. Instead of letting the user pick a passphrase, which may be weak, we force the passphrase to be the BIP-39 encoding of the sync seed.

The rest of the encryption is handled by Chromium as follows:

  1. BIP39 phrase is key-stretched using scrypt(N = 2^13, r = 8, p = 11). The first client generates a random salt and sends it to the server. Future clients will receive the salt from the server so that they can derive the same key.
  2. Then the stretched key is used directly as a AES128-CTR-HMAC encryption key.

BIP-39 Reference Implementation

Reference implementation including wordlists is available from

http://github.com/trezor/python-mnemonic

BIP-39 Other Implementations

Go:

Python:

Elixir:

Objective-C:

Haskell:

.NET C# (PCL):

.NET C# (PCL):

JavaScript:

Java:

Ruby:

Rust:

Smalltalk:

Swift:

C++:

C (with Python/Java/Javascript bindings):

Python:

References